Typographic Rules and Terms

 Parts of the grid: what are the following: margin, column, alley, module, gutter, folio.

Margin: Margin is the white space around the outside of the grid.

Column: vertical alignment of each column of the grid, it also sets a grid for the text to align to.

Alley:space between the characters of text.

Module: The space between the paragraphs.

gutter: is space in between the text and the edge of the page. creates a white framing around the whole thing

Folio:

What are the advantages of a multiple column grid?

 A multiple column grid is accessible and comfortable for the viewer allowing more text to be on the page without the page being overly crowded.

Why is there only one space after a period? 

used to be 2 spaces after a period to separate the sentences because all letters were monospaced on the typewriter. Characters have evolved and now are proportional so i only takes up 1/5 of the letter m.

What is a character (in typography)? 

 a symbol that does include letterforms and numbers.

How many characters is optimal for a line length? words per line? 

60

-- Why is the baseline grid used in design? 

Bottoms of the baseline are more appealing

-- What is a typographic river? 

typographical river is when the spaces between the letters are noticeably lined up.

What does clothes lining or flow line or hang line mean?

A division of the page by a horizontal line.

How can you incorporate white space into your designs? 

you can use it  to mimic text and create intresting eye movement

What is type color/texture mean? 

The weight of a character.

What is x-height, how does it affect type color?

The x-height is the ascender of a letter height. Type color is affected by the thickness of the line and readability.

Define Tracking:

 letter spacing- the space used between each letter

Define Kerning. Why do characters need to be kerned? What are the most common characters that need to be kerned (kerning pairs)?

kearning is used to remove and add space between characters so that they appear correct. 

 In justification or H&J terms what do the numbers: minimum, optimum, maximum mean?

it has to deal with the word count on a line

What is the optimum space between words?

En space.

-- What are some ways to indicate a new paragraph? Are there any rules?

indent with no text.

What are the rules associated with hyphenation? 

no hyphenating headlines, dont use more than one hyphen.

What is a ligurature? 

two letters connected

What does CMYK and RGB mean?

 cmyk- cyan magenta yellow and black.

What does hanging punctuation mean? 

A hanging punctuation is how some quotes and hyphens are aligned in a body of text.

What is a widow and an orphan?

When a paragraph ends and leaves fewer than seven characters on the last line.  this is not visually appearing kind of like an orphan.